A study on the assessment of risk management performance in maritime start-ups: evidence from China

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the international shipping market has been highly volatile, posing a serious threat to the survival and development of many maritime start-ups. With the development of the digital economy, digital transformation is affecting the evolution and upgrading of many traditional enterprises, including maritime enterprises. In the post-COVID-19 era, start-up small and medium-sized enterprises will need to consider the importance of enterprise risk management to achieve transformation and upgrading. The purpose of this study is to provide guidance for the establishment and upgrading of risk management systems for start-ups based on the identification of risk management strategies of maritime enterprises and the evaluation of their performance. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and importance-performance analysis methods were used to rank the operational risk, financial risk, market risk, innovation risk, and disaster risk according to sub-items and screen out the risk management schemes for priority improvements. Through empirical research, it was found that the financial risk and market risk response schemes have the lowest performance and need to be prioritised for improvement. This study argues that start-ups can appropriately challenge their risk management strategies to meet potential risk management needs based on their own circumstances.

Interdisciplinary Teaching Reform of Financial Engineering Majors Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the Post-Pandemic Era

In the post-epidemic era, the labor market has become increasingly complex, making it even more crucial to incorporate sustainability into employment demand. As we enter the post-pandemic era, a globalization trend has become more apparent. It is crucial to modernize employability through educational reform in order to assist employees in enhancing their professional skills. This study began by analyzing the importance of financial engineering practice instruction and graduate employability in the post-epidemic era. Second, the study proposed the content and a plan for inter-disciplinary teaching reform to address talent cultivation needs based on labor market requirements. Third, a face-to-face survey and interview were conducted with students affected by changes in teaching, and the results were analyzed and summarized. On this basis, the impact of education reform was evaluated using both the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy approach. The results indicated that the suggested financial engineering teaching reform program improved the school's discipline strength, enrollment rate, employment rate, and competition awards, especially discipline strength. This research can be used to inform the teaching of financial engineering majors in various countries, assist job candidates in enhancing their professional skills, and build a formidable talent pool for the labor market.

An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Eco-Innovation Strategies from the Perspective of Strategic Green Transformation: A Case of the Lithuanian Furniture Industry

Evaluation and selection of eco-innovation strategies is a significant and complex strategic decision, and despite the relevance and interest in the field of eco-innovation, the area of eco-innovation strategies has not been explored in depth in the scientific literature. Therefore, in this study, we propose an integrated approach to evaluating eco-innovation strategies from the perspective of strategic green transformation that helps decision-makers evaluate and select eco-innovation strategy aiming to achieve a competitive advantage. For this study, we adopted a validated multi-criteria decision-making methodology (MCDM) by combining Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The reliability of the proposed framework was tested and applied in the context of the Lithuanian furniture industry. This study offers three contributions and provides a comprehensive and profound insights into eco-innovation strategies. First, this study conceptualizes eco-innovation strategy from the perspective of strategic green transformation and proposed a novel definition and classification of eco-innovation strategies leading to competitive advantage. Second, this study proposes a novel approach to the evaluation of eco-innovation strategies taking into account micro-, meso-, and macro-level environmental factors. Third, the findings of this study provide implications for scholars and decision-makers in the field of eco-innovation strategy and set an agenda for future research.

Developing a resilient healthcare supply chain to prevent disruption in the wake of emergency health crisis

PurposeThe study aims to identify and analyse the drivers of resilient healthcare supply chain (HCSC) preparedness in emergency health outbreaks to prevent disruption in healthcare services delivery in the context of India.Design/methodology/approachThe present study has opted for the grey clustering method to identify and analyse the drivers of resilient HCSC preparedness during health outbreaks into high, moderate and low important grey classes based on Grey-Delphi, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Shannon's information entropy (IE) theory.FindingsThe drivers of the resilient HCSC are scrutinised using the Grey-Delphi technique. By implementing AHP and Shannon's IE theory and depending upon structure, process and outcome measures of HCSC, eleven drivers of a resilient HCSC preparedness are clustered as highly important, three drivers into moderately important, and two drivers into a low important group.Originality/valueThe analysis and insights developed in the present study would help to plan and execute a viable, resilient emergency HCSC preparedness during the emergence of any health outbreak along with the stakeholders' coordination. The results of the study offer information, rationality, constructiveness, and universality that enable the wider application of AHP-IE/Grey clustering analysis to HCSC resilience in the wake of pandemics.

Managing risk in commercial property development projects during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from China

The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest global health crisis in years. China is the first market primarily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with unprecedented lockdown measures bringing real estate and other economic activities to a standstill. This study has two objectives: (1) to identify the risks critical to the risk management of commercial real estate (CRE) development projects based on the project life cycle stages and (2) to identify the stages most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk factors at different stages. Three rounds of the Delphi study were conducted with nine experts involved in the construction project. The findings indicate that the construction, lease and sale phases are prone to significant risks. Additionally, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) identified ‘health and safety risk' as the most critical risk factor during the construction phase and ‘marketing and payback risk' as the most critical risk factor during the lease and sale phase. This study enhanced the effectiveness of risk management practices for implementing CRE development projects in China.

Measuring the supply chain competitiveness of e-commerce industry in Indonesia

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to measure the supply chain competitiveness of the e-commerce industry in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a multi-criteria decision-making model based on the analytic hierarchy process. Four main criteria are used to measure the supply chain competitiveness, i.e. cost, differentiation, sustainability and infrastructure.FindingsThe findings of this study show that cost is the most important criterion with a degree of importance of 33.19%, followed by infrastructure of 29.40%, differentiation of 27.96% and sustainability of 9.45%. It shows that the internally controlled strategy contributes about 70% of supply chain competitiveness. The internal infrastructure criterion that consists of software and hardware contributes 65.92% to the whole infrastructure criterion. The internal infrastructure then contributes 19.38% to supply chain competitiveness. Therefore, the internally controlled strategies and internal infrastructure contribute up to 90.08% to the supply chain competitiveness of e-commerce in Indonesia. This result implies that to attain the supply chain competitiveness, the company must carry out strategies focusing on the performance such as cost, differentiation, sustainability as well as on the internal infrastructure such as software and hardware.Research limitations/implicationsIn this paper, the authors limited their study to the business to business (B2B) and business to consumer (B2C) players because these two platforms have been experiencing a very rapid growth. While e-commerce business can take many platforms besides B2B and B2C, the future research should include other platform such as consumer to consumer as well. Because the focus in this study is more the information and material flows, it will be of great interest if the future research covers the platform of mobile payment as well that guarantee the ease of cashflows within supply chains. Also, with the occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic when this paper was written, in the near future, it is then of great interest to incorporate the pandemic context into the proposed model used in this study. The further study should analyze long-term changes happened as the result of pandemic such as behavioral changes of online shopping from customer side or shift in e-commerce supply chain infrastructure and inventory practice.Practical implicationsWith this study, it is expected that it can be determined which criteria contribute the most to the supply chain competitiveness of the e-commerce industry in Indonesia that will be useful for industry player.Originality/valueE-commerce development in Indonesia is still facing serious challenges. The multi-criteria decision making approach used in this research lays a foundation of how supply chain competitiveness is determined based on the judgment of experts coming from major companies within the supply chain.

Strategies for implementation of green roofs in developing countries

PurposeReportedly, green roof (GR) makes a significant contribution towards a truly sustainable-built environment;however, its implementation is yet to hit a sufficient level in developing countries. Thus, this study assesses GR implementation strategies in developing countries by providing a comparative analysis through experts in Kazakhstan, Malaysia and Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a four-step methodological approach to achieve the research aim: literature review, focus group discussion, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) analysis and correlation analyses. First, a literature review followed by a focus group discussion is used to determine 18 (out of 25 initially) strategies for the selected context and these are classified into three categories: governmental and institutional support, knowledge and information and policy and regulation. Afterward, the identified GR strategies are evaluated using the FAHP with the data gathered from the experts in the countries studied. Finally, correlation analyses were used to observe the strength of agreement between the assessments of experts from the included countries.FindingsThe findings indicate that financial incentives, low-cost government loans and subsidies and tax rebates are the essential strategies for the wider adoption of GR. Evaluating the policy and regulations strategies also showed that mandatory GR policies and regulations and better enforcement of the developed GR policies are ranked as the most prominent strategies. The findings show a low level of agreement among respondents from Kazakhstan, while there is a high level of agreement between the experts in Malaysia and Turkey.Research limitations/implicationsThe research contribution is twofold. First (research implication), the study identifies the strategies through a complete literature review. Second, the identified strategies are evaluated through the lenses of experts in three developing countries which are hoped to provide (practical contribution) a better understanding of the most effective strategies that require attention and enable the frontline stakeholders (particularly government authorities) to focus on them.Originality/valueThe study findings provide a good point of departure to explore the strategies for broader adoption of GRs in developing economic setting.

Prioritizing the barriers of manufacturing during COVID-19 using fuzzy AHP

COVID-19 has wreaked havoc on the global economy, supply chains, and government, posing an unparalleled health threat. The manufacturing sector was one of the most disruptive systems in the world at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most manufacturing companies have faced a lock-down situation and are focusing on the production of essential products. Furthermore, COVID-19 has altered customer behavior. The short-term and long-term effects of COVID-19 on the manufacturing sector must be evaluated to hasten recovery and build preparedness measures should another such disruption occur. The limitations affecting the construction system during this period were discussed and prioritized in this study. The ambiguous nature of human thinking makes it difficult to evaluate the qualitative parameters;hence, it is preferred to incorporate an approach that converts the variables into triangular fuzzy numbers to better represent the values of the criteria. A fuzzy analytical hierarchical procedure (FAHP) is applied to evaluate the limitation criteria in an ambiguous environment. "Growing demand for existing products" is considered the heaviest limit after "financial stagnation" and "setback in logistics services." The study results will help the manufacturing company in formulating and implementing strategies to overcome the pandemic situation. © 2023 River Publishers. All rights reserved.

Assessing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the performance indicators of safety management using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in an electricity industry.

Introduction: The importance of evaluating the performance of different management systems in industries necessitates examining the performance of the Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) management system along with other management systems. Particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a greater need than ever to assess the impact of the COVID-19 spread on the performance of the HSE management system compared to before this pandemic. This research aims to investigate safety performance indicators (SPIs) on the performance of the HSE management system and the impact of the COVID-19 spread on these indicators. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 outbreak on the safety performance to revise the industry safety index in an electricity distribution company using the multi-criteria decision-making method before and after the disease epidemic in three stages. In the first part, the safety indicators were identified according to the comprehensive safety indicators available in the industries and experts' opinions. In the second part, safety indicators were ranked, weighted, and prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the third part, these indicators were calculated and compared in the periods before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. Results: Two main criteria, namely the "effectiveness criterion" and the "applicability/calculation criterion", were identified for the evaluation and pairwise comparisons of performance indicators. Among these two criteria, the applicability/calculation criterion had higher priority and importance for the evaluation of indicators. Pairwise comparisons of the indicators indicated that the "accident frequency rate" and "safe T-factor" indicators (with weights of 0.238 and 0.023 respectively) had the highest and lowest priorities, respectively, for the assessment of organizational safety performance among the SPIs. Conclusion: Based on the calculations of the indicators and their analyses before and after the outbreak of COVID-19, the current status of the safety performance of the HSE unit was not significantly affected by this pandemic. However, the investigations carried out while collecting the data needed to calculate the indicators and evaluate the performance of this unit demonstrated that some indicators were not considered sufficiently in the studied electricity industry. Since conducting regular performance evaluations greatly impacts the achievement of continuous improvement, more attention should be paid to compiled indicators, which should be periodically assessed in the organization to achieve continuous improvement.

Exploring the Determinants of Digital Transformation Adoption for SMEs in an Emerging Economy

In the fourth industrial revolution age, digital transformation is crucial to the sustainable development of small- and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). This study suggests a hierarchical model based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) model with three main dimensions and nine sub-dimensions for SMEs that implemented digital transformation in the emerging economy. The fuzzy analytic hierarchical process methodology (Fuzzy AHP) was used to explore and rank determinants of the digital transformation adoption for SMEs. Data were collected by the questionnaires from 72 respondents, who were the leaders of SMEs in Vietnam. The results revealed that the environmental factor was ranked the most important factor in the pairwise comparisons of the hierarchical structure, and the sub-dimension of the customer experience was at the highest ranking of the relative pairwise comparisons of the digital transformation adoption for SMEs, followed by technological compatibility, government support, organizational support, and human resources. This research makes contributions to the topic of digital transformation from both theoretical and practical implications. The result stresses the critical significance of environmental factors in the successful adoption of digital technologies in SMEs, which adds to the perspective in the context of a growing nation.

A proposed circular-SCOR model for supply chain performance measurement in manufacturing industry during COVID-19

PurposeCOVID-19 is a global event affecting supply chain operations and human health. With COVID-19, many issues in business models, business processes and supply chains, especially in the manufacturing industry, have had to change. The ability to analyze supply chain performances and ensure circularity in supply chains has become one of the factors whose importance has increased rapidly with COVID-19. Therefore, it aims to determine which supply chain performance criteria come to the fore for the company under consideration to accelerate the transformation into high performance and circularity in supply chains.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a new circular-SCOR model is proposed, and 17 supply chain performance measurement criteria are prioritized for a manufacturing company in the context of circular economy principles during COVID-19 by using stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis and analytical hierarchy process method, separately.FindingsAs a result, for both methods, in the case study discussed, the demand fulfillment rate is determined as the most prominent criterion in line with the circular economy principles in the COVID-19 period in manufacturing supply chains.Originality/valueIt is expected that this study will contribute to managers and policy makers as it addresses the "new normal” that started after COVID-19 and the criteria to be considered in supply chain performance measurement and emphasizes the need to adopt circular supply chains, especially in manufacturing industries.

Analysis of the effects of the first phase of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility choices in Italy by a multi-criteria approach

COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in logistics and mobility. Concerning Italian road mobility, between March and April 2020, there has been a reduction in traffic for both light vehicles and heavy goods vehicles. Italy was the first European country to implement a total lockdown, starting on March 9th, causing a deep contraction in road traffic. This paper explores the main differences in mobility choices before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A multi-criteria decision-making method was selected for the analysis of questionnaire survey data. The fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied, considering eight mobility types: bus, tram, taxi, train, shared vehicles, multiple modes, walking and car. An evaluation process was adopted for the modal mobility choices of the residents of Sicily, Italy. The results show a significant decline in mobility demand during the first phase of the pandemic, especially in public transport mode. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the need to implement strategies to respect the constraints generated by the pandemic and revive the penalised transport and mobility-related sectors. Furthermore, the study's findings provide valuable insights for the policymakers, both national and local, about the mobility results of the lockdown and can be used as a forecast benchmark for planning the restrictions in the future, in case of another unexpected phenomenon, e.g., pandemic. © 2022 The Author(s).

Aligning the Goals Hybrid Model for the Diagnosis of Mental Health Quality

The social distancing imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic has been described as the "greatest psychological experiment in the world”. It has tested the human capacity to extract meaning from suffering and challenged individuals and society in Brazil and abroad to promote cohesion that cushions the impact of borderline experiences on mental life. In this context, a survey was conducted with teachers, administrative technicians, and outsourced employees at the Federal Institute of Piauí (IFPI). This educational institution offers professional and technological education in Piauí, Brazil. This study proposes a system for the early diagnosis of health quality during social distancing in the years 2020 and 2021, over the COVID-19 pandemic, combining multi-criteria decision support methodology, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, logistic regression, and Naïve Bayes). The hybrid approach of the machine learning algorithm with the AHP multi-criteria decision method with geometric mean accurately obtained a classification that stood out the most in the characteristics' performance concerning emotions and feelings. In 2020, the situation was reported as the SAME AS BEFORE, in which the hybrid AHP with Geographical Average with the machine learning Random Forest algorithm stands out, highlighting the atypical situation in the quality of life of the interviewees and the timely manner in which they realized that their mental health remained unchanged. After that, in 2021, the situation was reported as WORSE THAN BEFORE, in which the hybrid AHP with geometric mean with the machine learning Random Forest algorithm provided an absolute result. © 2023 by the authors.

Application of GIS-Based AHP Model for the Impact Assessment of COVID-19 Lockdown on Environment Quality: The Case of Kabul City, Afghanistan

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the industrial, financial, and social aspects of our daily life due to the implementation of lockdown to protect against the spread of the virus. In addition, the lockdown deduced by COVID-19 has promising positive impacts on air quality and environmental pollution. This study aims to monitor the effects of lockdown on environmental degradation during the pandemic in Kabul city, the capital of Afghanistan, using geospatial data and a statistical model of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). To achieve the purpose of the study, the most essential influencing factors on air quality were generated from different sources using Google Earth Engine (GEE) and GIS environment;Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index NDMI) were calculated using Sentinel-2MSI, Carbon Monoxide (CO) was obtained from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI, and land surface temperature was retrieved from MODIS data. The generated thematic layers (before COVID-19, and during a lockdown of COVID-19) were weighted and rated using the AHP analysis. The weighted layers were spatially overlayed to obtain the final output. Consequently, the environmental quality degradation maps before and during COVID-19 were generated to assess the differences over the 22 districts of Kabul city. The findings of the study show that Kabul city is covered by the very low, low, moderate, high, and very high degradation of the environment by 3.17%, 5.33%, 20.54%, 26.63%, 44.32% before COVID-19 in 201,9 respectively, while the percentages are changed to 4.37%, 8.99%. 16.55%, 37.47%, and 32.62% during the lockdown caused by COVID-19 in 2020. The changes in the percentage of environmental degradation in Kabul city particularly in high and very high zones confirm the positive impact of the lockdown of COVID-19.

Identifying Critical Factors Affecting the Resilience of Additive Manufacturing Architecture Supply Chain

Building a resilient and stable supply chain has become an important strategy for many countries. Studies have shown that the application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology in construction can help offset the negative impact of "black swan events” on supply chains. This study examines the construction industry based on AM technology and analyzes the impact of changes in the industry chain on the supply chains. The specific factors that affect the resilience of AM construction supply chains were identified through literature research and expert interviews, including 7 dimensions and 21 secondary indicators. An intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IFAHP) evaluation model was established. Finally, an example of an AM construction manufacturer, YC Enterprise, was introduced to quantify the various factors and determine the weights. The results show that the essence of building a supply chain with AM is creating a closed-loop supply chain. The impact of AM construction manufacturers on supply chain resilience (SCR) is the most critical, followed by that of regulatory authorities and general contractors. The AM construction SCR assessment index system and evaluation method constructed in this paper have important significance in filling the gap in the quantitative evaluation of the impact of AM on supply chains.

Student financial support and sustainable recovery based on fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process comprehensive method

In the post-COVID-19 era, many university students face financial distress due to macroeconomic downturns. Helping college students overcome financial difficulties is an important aspect of sustainable recovery. Based on the theory of student satisfaction and the perspective of new financial support systems, this study constructs a performance evaluation system for financial support for financially distressed students in colleges and universities. To comprehensively evaluate financially distressed students for financial support from the perspective of satisfaction, an empirical study is conducted by taking the authors' college as an example according to the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process analysis and evaluation model. The results show that, according to the characteristics of students, the students' families' characteristics should be considered and carefully sorted, and on this basis, the appropriate selection criteria for financially distressed students are selected. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Fuzzy AHP Approach for Supply Chain Strategy Selection: A Post-Pandemic Scenario

Supply chains have been severely disrupted globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper examined the strategic responses of automobile firms for meeting supply chain challenges they face post-pandemic. Data were collected using a specifically designed structured questionnaire from supply chain experts working with leading automobile manufacturing firms in India. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), as a part of a multi-criteria decision-making model using R programming, was applied to identify and rank the choice of supply strategies using various criteria, such as lead time, logistics cost (holding cost, carrying cost, warehousing cost, handling cost), and the need of products. Two-wheeler and four-wheeler manufacturing firms were selected for the study. Logistics cost was found to be a dominant criterion, followed by a demand for products and lead time, which helped select an appropriate supply chain strategy. Buffering was observed to be the best strategic choice, and automation and robotics applications were the least preferred ones both for two-wheelers and four-wheeler manufacturing companies. The findings would be helpful to both practitioners and researchers in evaluating diverse strategic choices, especially under the risk and disruptions faced by business firms in the supply chain. © 2023, Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Collaborative intuitionistic fuzzy-AHP to evaluate simulation-based analytics for freight transport

Globally, the transportation and logistics sector is facing economic disruptions owing to geopolitical tensions and post-COVID-19 global economic downturns. This disruption places more pressure on transportation companies to review their work methods and processes. Coupling data and model-driven approaches is essential for developing effective and efficient resilience strategies. To address this issue, this study provides an overview of the appearance of simulation in business analytics. However, a thorough review of the literature based on the PRISMA search process allowed us to identify that none of the previous studies could highlight the role or evaluate the hybridization between business analytics and simulation and their joint use in freight transportation. Moreover, this study proposes a collaborative framework based on the intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IF-AHP) technique to select a business analytics-enabled simulation architecture. This study contributes to the freight transport sector by setting up an updated list of criteria and sub-criteria necessary for business analytics evaluation and enriches the literature by applying the IF-AHP technique to a concrete case of implementing data analytics and simulation. This study also suggests future directions to enrich the academic literature and offers insights to improve the framework for other use cases. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Urban Transportation Concept and Sustainable Urban Mobility in Smart Cities: A Review

In order to create a sustainable future for the urban environment in s=Smart cities, it is necessary to develop a concept of urban transport, partially reduce the use of traditional transport, primarily cars, as well as the environmental pressure on society, which is essential to move to a sustainable urban future. In the latest discussions on the future of the urban transport system, the quality of the environment, and the possibility of its improvement are discussed, this issue became especially relevant with the onset of the pandemic, when the lockdowns were introduced. The problem of sustainable transport in urban areas has been recognized in academic studies, searching for appropriate models and solutions. The article presents the latest literature review and illustrates the newest trends with several examples. VOS Viewer software has been used to classify the different keywords, according to their co-citation, following clustering techniques. By analyzing the research conducted by other researchers, it has been possible to structure the ecosystem and trends in the Urban Transportation Concept, also mentioning likely future trends. Based on the literature analysis of the Sustainable Urban Transport, the authors of the study found that a large group of researchers deal with technical solutions and innovative business models, while the essential behavioral aspects are examined in less detail. Extensive literature analysis allowed the authors to select several solutions to achieve the transformation towards sustainable transportation in urban areas: new vehicle technologies and their environmental factors' analysis, geographic information systems, the analytic hierarchy process method, the time series analysis of road traffic accidents using multiplicative models, electrification and use of Friedman Analysis of Variance by Ranks, as well as innovations in sharing mobility.

A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENERATION Z TO THE CONCEPT OF SHIFT WITH THE EFFECT OF COVID-19

In today's world, an event that has not been seen for many years, the virus called Covid-19 has entered human life and seriously affected it. While globalization has had a positive effect in many areas, globalization with Covid-19 has had a negative effect around the world. It has affected many areas of world life since the end of 2019. The most important of these areas is business life. This period, in which measures such as curfews, quarantine, and closure of workplaces were implemented, affected the business life perspective of generation Z, who just started their business life. In a process where remote working models have been discussed in recent years, and different working models have been introduced, especially for the generation Z, remote working and hybrid models have been put forward with Covid-19. This process is an important process that will affect both employers, consumers, and employees. In this context, it is necessary to design overtime concepts within the harmony and coordination of all stakeholders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perspective of the generation Z on the concept of overtime with the effect of Covid-19 and accordingly to create a decision support system using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this, a team of 20 people was first formed, and surveys were prepared to be made to the generation Z individuals. This survey was also conducted on 432 new graduates and senior university students from the generation Z and the results were evaluated. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Günümüz dünyasında uzun yıllardır görülmemiş bir olay ile karşılaşılarak, Covid-19 olarak adlandırılan virüs insan hayatına girerek ciddi bir şekilde etkisi altına almıştır. Küreselleşmenin birçok alanda pozitif etkisi görülürken, Covid-19 ile küreselleşme dünya genelinde negatif olarak bir etki vermiştir. 2019 yılının sonlarından günümüze kadar dünya hayatının birçok alanını etkilemiştir. Bu alanlardan en önemlisi de iş hayatıdır. Sokağa çıkma yasakları, karantina, iş yerlerinin kapatılması gibi tedbirlerin hayata geçirildiği bu dönem, iş hayatına yeni başlayan Z kuşağının iş hayatına bakış açısını etkilemiştir. Son yıllarda uzaktan çalışma modellerinin konuşulduğu, özellikle Z kuşağı açısından farklı çalışma modellerinin ortaya konulmaya başlandığı bir süreçte Covid-19 ile zorunlu olarak uzaktan çalışma ve hibrid modeller ortaya konulmuştur. Bu süreç hem işveren hem tüketici hem de çalışanları etkileyecek önemli bir süreçtir. Bu bağlamda tüm paydaşların uyum ve koordine dahilinde mesai kavramlarının tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Covid-19 etkisiyle Z kuşağının mesai kavramına bakış açısını değerlendirmek ve buna bağlı olarak Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) kullanarak bir karar destek sistemi oluşturmaktır. Bunun için öncelikle 20 kişilik bir ekip oluşturulmuş ve bu şekilde Z kuşağı bireylerine yapılmak üzere anketler hazırlanmıştır. Z kuşağından 432 yeni mezun ve üniversite son sınıf öğrencisi üzerinde de bu anket çalışması yapılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Electronic Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Electronic Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)